<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">NACHI轴承的调试与测量方法</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">一、<a href="http://www.china-nachi.com/" target="_self">NACHI轴承</a>调试前的准备工作</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 调试环境要求</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">清洁度控制：确保工作区域达到ISO 4406标准规定的清洁等级</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">温度控制：环境温度保持在15-30℃范围内</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">湿度要求：相对湿度不超过65%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">照明条件：工作区域照度不低于500lux</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 工具与设备准备</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">精密测量工具：千分尺（精度0.001mm）、百分表、游标卡尺</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">安装工具：液压螺母、感应加热器（温度控制±5℃）、专用安装套筒</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">检测仪器：振动分析仪（频率范围10Hz-10kHz）、红外测温仪（精度±1℃）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">辅助材料：高纯度润滑脂（符合NACHI技术规范）、无绒清洁布</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">二、<a href="http://www.china-nachi.com/" target="_self" style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">NACHI轴承</a>的安装调试步骤</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 轴承与轴孔的配合检查</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">尺寸验证：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">使用三点内径千分尺测量轴承座孔直径（至少测量3个截面，每个截面测量3个角度）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">用外径千分尺测量轴颈尺寸（测量点间距不小于10mm）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">计算实际配合公差，确保符合NACHI技术手册规定的配合等级</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">几何公差检测：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">圆度误差：≤0.005mm</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">圆柱度误差：≤0.01mm/100mm</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">表面粗糙度：Ra≤0.8μm</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 轴承安装过程控制</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">热装法（适用于过盈配合）：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">加热温度控制：80-120℃（不得超过150℃）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">加热时间计算：t=(δ×α)/(k×d)</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">（δ：过盈量；α：热膨胀系数；k：加热速率系数；d：轴承内径）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">安装时间窗口：从加热完成到安装到位≤3分钟</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">机械压装法：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">压力控制：不超过NACHI规定的最大安装压力</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">施力方式：必须通过轴承套圈端面均匀施压</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">过程监控：安装过程中测量轴向位移量，确保线性增长</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">3. 游隙调整技术</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">径向游隙测量：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">使用百分表法：测量点间隔90°，施力为额定动载荷的1%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">标准游隙值：C2＜CN＜C3（CN为标准游隙）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">调整方法：通过隔圈厚度调节，每0.01mm隔圈厚度影响游隙约0.005mm</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">轴向游隙测量：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">采用预紧力测量仪：预紧力分三级（轻预紧5-15N，中预紧15-30N，重预紧30-50N）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">预紧力与温升关系：每增加10N预紧力，温升不超过3℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">三、运行调试与性能检测</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 空载试运行规范</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">启动程序：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">阶梯式升速：500rpm→1000rpm→1500rpm→额定转速（每个阶段运行≥30分钟）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">振动监测：各转速下振动速度有效值≤2.8mm/s（ISO 10816-3标准）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">温度监测：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">初始阶段：温升速率≤5℃/h</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">稳定标准：连续2小时温度波动≤±2℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">极限温度：外壳温度≤环境温度+40℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 负载试运行规范</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">加载程序：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">25%额定负载→50%→75%→100%（每个负载阶段运行≥2小时）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">振动变化率：相邻负载阶段振动增加值≤15%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">性能验收标准：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">噪声水平：≤72dB(A)（测量距离1m）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">润滑剂温升：≤35℃（相对于环境温度）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">动态游隙变化：≤初始游隙的20%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">四、精密测量技术应用</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 振动频谱分析</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">特征频率识别：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">内圈故障频率：BPFI=(n/2)×(1+(d/D)cosα)×z</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">外圈故障频率：BPFO=(n/2)×(1-(d/D)cosα)×z</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">保持架频率：FTF=(n/2)×(1-(d/D)cosα)</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">故障诊断标准：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">早期故障：特征频率幅值≥基线值3倍</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">发展期故障：出现谐波成分（2×、3×特征频率）</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">严重故障：宽带噪声能量增加10dB以上</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 热成像分析</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">温度场评估：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">轴向温差：≤5℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">径向温差：≤8℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">热点识别：局部温度超过平均温度15%即为异常</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">热特征分析：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">正常状态：温度分布呈对称马鞍形</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">预紧过大：高温区集中在载荷区</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">润滑不良：整体温升伴随不规则热点</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">五、调试数据记录与分析</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 数据记录规范</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">参数 测量点 标准值 实测值 允许偏差</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">振动速度 轴承座 ≤2.8mm/s ±0.5mm/s</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">温度 外圈 ≤70℃ ±3℃</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">噪声 1m距离 ≤72dB(A) ±2dB</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 调试报告编制</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">报告内容：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">轴承型号与序列号</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">测量设备校准证书编号</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">关键参数变化曲线图</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">异常现象处理记录</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">验收标准：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">所有参数同时满足：振动≤标准值，温度≤标准值，噪声≤标准值</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">连续3次测量重复性误差≤5%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">六、常见问题处理指南</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">1. 调试异常处理</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">振动超标：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">检查步骤：平衡校正→对中复查→基础刚性检测</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">处理措施：调整预紧力→更换润滑剂→检查配合公差</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">温度异常：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">诊断流程：润滑检查→载荷验证→游隙测量</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">解决方案：清洁润滑系统→调整载荷分布→修正游隙</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">2. 预防性维护建议</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">定期检测周期：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">日常检查：每8小时记录温度和振动</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">周检：润滑状态分析</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">月检：全面振动频谱采集</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">润滑维护规范：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">补充周期：运行2000小时或温度上升15%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">更换标准：污染度达到ISO 4406 18/16/13</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">注油量：填充轴承内部空间30-50%</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">七、调试安全注意事项</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">操作安全：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">热装作业必须使用耐高温手套</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">高速试运行时应设置安全防护区</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">测量过程中禁止调整测量设备</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">设备保护：</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">调试前确认润滑系统畅通</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">突然停机后必须手动盘车检查</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">长期停用应进行防锈处理</span><br/><span style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">本调试方法基于<a href="http://www.china-nachi.com/" target="_self" style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify; text-wrap-mode: wrap;">NACHI轴承</a>技术手册（2023版）和ISO 15242-2015标准编制，适用于精密机械、机床主轴、风电齿轮箱等关键部位的NACHI轴承调试工作。实际应用中应根据具体工况参数进行适当调整，建议在NACHI技术工程师指导下完成关键设备的调试作业。</span></p>